Physiology of the liver
Blood reservoir
Receives about 1500 ml / min (VP = 1100 ml / min, and AH = 400 ml / min)always contains 450 ml (10% blood volume). Can s'expandre (1.5 l) in heart failure.
Role in immune
- Lymphatics- Liver macrophages (Kupffer cells)
Metabolic function
Carbohydrate metabolism: role in the maintenance of blood sugar:- Storage of glucose as glycogen.- Release of glucose from glycogen (glycogenolysis).- Synthesis of glucose from amino acids and fatty acids (gluconeogenesis).
Lipid metabolism:
- Oxidation of fatty acids (energy production).- Synthesis of lipoprotein (lipid transport).- Synthesis of cholesterol (adrenal hormones, ovarian and testicular).- Conversion of glucose into fat and protein (storage).
Protein metabolism:
- Deamination and transamination.- Synthesis of urea (ammonia removal).- Summary of almost 90% of plasma proteins (albumin ,...).
Other functions- Storage of vitamins: Vitamin A + + +, D, B12.- Synthesis of some coagulation factors:- Depending on the vitamin K: II, VII, IX, X.- Independent of vitamin K: V.- Storage of iron in the hemoglobin content not (related to ferritin).
- Metabolism of some drugs and hormones.
Bile formationIt is secreted continuously by the liver and is stored in the gallbladder which normally sends it into the duodenum intermittently and during digestion. The order of the gallbladder is nervous and humoral.
Bile is composed of:
- Water.- Mucin.- Minerals.- Cholesterol.- Bile pigments.
Its role is to assist in the digestion of fats and the role of alkalinization of the chyme.
Detoxification of endogenous and exogenous toxins- Endogenous: hormones.- Exogenous: alcohol and drugs.- Role of conjugation: glucuronic acid, bilirubin + => water solubility.
Metabolic role
On proteins: synthesis of plasma proteins (albumin and glabuline) and the coagulation factors (fibrinogen).
On lipids: synthesis of cholesterol (composition of bile).
On carbohydrates:
- Glycogenesis: production of glycogen.- Glycogenolysis: conversion into glucose.- Gluconeogenesis: fabricationde glycogen with the amino acids.In the liver, there are enzymes: AST and ALT transaminases that allow these changes, if these enzymes increase is synonymous with hepatic cytolysis.
Receives about 1500 ml / min (VP = 1100 ml / min, and AH = 400 ml / min)always contains 450 ml (10% blood volume). Can s'expandre (1.5 l) in heart failure.
Role in immune
- Lymphatics- Liver macrophages (Kupffer cells)
Metabolic function
Carbohydrate metabolism: role in the maintenance of blood sugar:- Storage of glucose as glycogen.- Release of glucose from glycogen (glycogenolysis).- Synthesis of glucose from amino acids and fatty acids (gluconeogenesis).
Lipid metabolism:
- Oxidation of fatty acids (energy production).- Synthesis of lipoprotein (lipid transport).- Synthesis of cholesterol (adrenal hormones, ovarian and testicular).- Conversion of glucose into fat and protein (storage).
Protein metabolism:
- Deamination and transamination.- Synthesis of urea (ammonia removal).- Summary of almost 90% of plasma proteins (albumin ,...).
Other functions- Storage of vitamins: Vitamin A + + +, D, B12.- Synthesis of some coagulation factors:- Depending on the vitamin K: II, VII, IX, X.- Independent of vitamin K: V.- Storage of iron in the hemoglobin content not (related to ferritin).
- Metabolism of some drugs and hormones.
Bile formationIt is secreted continuously by the liver and is stored in the gallbladder which normally sends it into the duodenum intermittently and during digestion. The order of the gallbladder is nervous and humoral.
Bile is composed of:
- Water.- Mucin.- Minerals.- Cholesterol.- Bile pigments.
Its role is to assist in the digestion of fats and the role of alkalinization of the chyme.
Detoxification of endogenous and exogenous toxins- Endogenous: hormones.- Exogenous: alcohol and drugs.- Role of conjugation: glucuronic acid, bilirubin + => water solubility.
Metabolic role
On proteins: synthesis of plasma proteins (albumin and glabuline) and the coagulation factors (fibrinogen).
On lipids: synthesis of cholesterol (composition of bile).
On carbohydrates:
- Glycogenesis: production of glycogen.- Glycogenolysis: conversion into glucose.- Gluconeogenesis: fabricationde glycogen with the amino acids.In the liver, there are enzymes: AST and ALT transaminases that allow these changes, if these enzymes increase is synonymous with hepatic cytolysis.
08:26
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